:root {
    --ink: #161616;
    --ink-2: #4A4A4A;
    --navy: #1B2A4A;
    --steel: #5A6B7E;
    --paper: #FFFFFF;
    --band: #F6F8FA;
    --rule: #E1E6EC;
    --rule-strong: #C6CFDA;
    --clay: #A0572F;
    --clay-deep: #8A4A26;
    --clay-tint: #FBF6F2;
    --serif: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
    --sans: "IBM Plex Sans", "Segoe UI", system-ui, sans-serif;
    --mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, monospace;
    --col: 41rem;
  }

  body {
    background: var(--paper);
    color: var(--ink);
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin: 0;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  }
  *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

  .wrap { max-width: var(--col); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 1.5rem; }

  /* ---- masthead ---- */
  header.site {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: 1.4rem 0;
  }
  .masthead { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; }
  .wordmark {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 1.06rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  }
  .wordmark span { color: var(--steel); font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.06em; margin-left: 0.6rem; text-transform: uppercase; }
  nav.site { display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; }
  nav.site button:focus-visible, .optin button:focus-visible, .optin input:focus-visible, a:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--navy); outline-offset: 2px;
  }

  /* ---- opt-in card ---- */
  .optin {
    border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--clay);
    background: var(--clay-tint);
    padding: 1.5rem 1.6rem;
  }
  .optin .kicker {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.13em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--clay); margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  }
  .optin h2 {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 0 0.55rem; line-height: 1.2;
  }
  .optin p.promise { margin: 0 0 1.1rem; color: var(--ink-2); font-size: 0.95rem; max-width: 34rem; }
  .form { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem; }
  .optin input {
    flex: 1 1 15rem; min-width: 0;
    font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.95rem;
    padding: 0.7rem 0.85rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong); background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink);
  }
  .optin input::placeholder { color: #98A4B3; }
  .optin button {
    font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    padding: 0.7rem 1.4rem; border: 1px solid var(--clay);
    background: var(--clay); color: #FFFFFF; cursor: pointer;
  }
  .optin button:hover { background: var(--clay-deep); border-color: var(--clay-deep); }
  .optin .fineprint {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.71rem; color: var(--steel);
    margin: 0.75rem 0 0; letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  }

  /* ---- hero ---- */
  .hero { padding: 3.2rem 0 0; }
  .hero .eyebrow {
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.7rem;
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.68rem; letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--clay);
    margin: 0 0 0.9rem;
  }
  .hero .eyebrow::before {
    content: ""; width: 1.9rem; height: 1px; background: var(--clay); flex: none;
  }
  .hero .hero-line .warm { color: var(--clay); }
  .hero .hero-line {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 4.4vw, 2.7rem);
    font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.16; letter-spacing: -0.012em;
    margin: 0 0 1rem; text-wrap: balance;
  }
  .hero p.stance {
    font-size: 1.06rem; color: var(--ink-2); margin: 0;
    max-width: 33rem;
  }
  .spacer-lg { height: 2.6rem; }
  .spacer-md { height: 1.8rem; }

  /* ---- proof strip: surveyor's band, numbers baked in ---- */
  .proof {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    background: var(--paper);
    margin: 3.2rem 0 0;
  }
  .proof-inner { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
  .cell { padding: 1.15rem 0.9rem 1.05rem; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .cell:first-child { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
  .cell .fig {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 1.32rem; font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--navy); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; line-height: 1.1;
    display: block;
  }
  .cell .lab {
    font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.73rem; letter-spacing: 0.055em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--steel); margin-top: 0.4rem; display: block;
  }
  .stamp {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.68rem; letter-spacing: 0.09em;
    text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--steel);
    padding: 0.55rem 0 0.7rem; border-top: 1px dashed var(--rule);
  }
  @media (max-width: 640px) {
    .proof-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .cell { border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-left: 0; }
    .cell:first-child, .cell:nth-child(2) { border-top: 0; }
  }

  /* ---- section headings ---- */
  h2.sec {
    font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.76rem; font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.11em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--steel);
    margin: 0 0 1.2rem; padding-bottom: 0.55rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  /* ---- portfolio as prose ---- */
  ul.holdings { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
  ul.holdings li {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.11rem; line-height: 1.5;
    padding: 0.95rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }
  ul.holdings li:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
  ul.holdings li.tail { color: var(--ink-2); border-bottom: 0; }
  p.quiet-note {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.04rem; line-height: 1.52;
    color: var(--ink-2); margin: 1.4rem 0 0;
    padding-left: 1rem; border-left: 2px solid var(--navy);
  }

  p.growth {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.06rem; color: var(--ink);
    margin: 1.3rem 0 0;
  }


  /* ---- archive ---- */
  ol.archive { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
  ol.archive li { padding: 0.9rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); display: flex; gap: 1.2rem; align-items: baseline; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  ol.archive .date { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.75rem; color: var(--steel); letter-spacing: 0.03em; flex: 0 0 5.5rem; }
  ol.archive .title { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.06rem; }
  .placeholder-note {
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.72rem; color: var(--steel);
    background: var(--band); border: 1px dashed var(--rule-strong);
    padding: 0.6rem 0.8rem; margin: 1.1rem 0 0;
  }

  /* ---- the topographic fold ---- */
  .hero-field {
    position: relative; isolation: isolate; overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--band);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: 3.4rem 0 3.6rem;
    margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  }
  .hero-field .topo {
    position: absolute; inset: -1px; z-index: -1;
    color: var(--steel); opacity: 0.30;
    background: url("/img/topo.svg") center / cover no-repeat;
    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 0%, #000 22%, #000 64%, transparent 100%);
            mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 0%, #000 22%, #000 64%, transparent 100%);
  }
  .hero-field .hero { margin: 0 auto; }
  @media (max-width: 560px) {
    .hero-field { padding: 2.3rem 0 2.5rem; }
    .hero-field .topo { opacity: 0.22; }
  }

  .fold-shot figcaption,
  .second-shot figcaption {
    margin: 0.6rem 0 0; padding-left: 0.85rem;
    border-left: 2px solid var(--clay);
    font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.82rem; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--steel);
  }

  /* ---- the second photograph, lower in the page ---- */
  .second-shot { margin: 0 0 1.7rem; }
  .second-shot img {
    display: block; width: 100%; height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 2 / 1; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 32%;
    border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong);
    filter: saturate(0.94);
  }

  @media (max-width: 560px) {
    .fold-shot { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
    .fold-shot img { aspect-ratio: 3 / 2; object-position: 50% 18%; }
    .second-shot img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; object-position: 50% 38%; }
  }

  /* ---- human block ---- */
  .human { display: block; }
  .human p { margin: 0 0 0.9rem; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.06rem; }

  a.more { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--navy); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-strong); }
  a.more:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--navy); }

  /* ---- prose pages ---- */
  .prose p { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.11rem; line-height: 1.62; margin: 0 0 1.15rem; }
  .prose p.lead { font-size: 1.24rem; }
  .prose h2.page-title {
    font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3.6vw, 2.1rem); font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.2; margin: 0 0 1.4rem; text-wrap: balance;
  }
  .confirm { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.72rem; color: #8A5A00; background: #FBF3E2; padding: 0.1rem 0.35rem; }

  /* ---- footer ---- */
  footer.site { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); margin-top: 4rem; padding: 1.6rem 0 3rem; }
  footer.site .cos-label {
    font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.11em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--steel);
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  }
  footer.site .cos { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--ink-2); margin: 0 0 1.3rem; line-height: 1.75; }
  footer.site .disc { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.76rem; color: var(--steel); margin: 0 0 1rem; max-width: 36rem; line-height: 1.55; }
  footer.site .meta { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.7rem; color: var(--steel); letter-spacing: 0.04em; margin: 0; }

/* ---- real-page additions (three pages, no JS) ---- */
.skip { position: absolute; left: -9999px; }
.skip:focus { left: 1rem; top: 1rem; background: var(--paper); color: var(--navy); padding: 0.5rem 0.9rem; border: 1px solid var(--navy); z-index: 10; }
nav.site a {
  font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.83rem; font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em; color: var(--ink-2); text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1.5px solid transparent; padding-bottom: 2px;
}
nav.site a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
nav.site a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--navy); border-bottom-color: var(--navy); }

/* ---- essays on the writing page ---- */
article.essay { margin-top: 2.8rem; padding-top: 1.8rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); scroll-margin-top: 1.6rem; }
:target { scroll-margin-top: 1.6rem; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) { html { scroll-behavior: smooth; } }
article.essay h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.42rem; font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.22; margin: 0 0 1rem; text-wrap: balance; color: var(--ink);
}
article.essay p:first-of-type { font-size: 1.16rem; }